Publication
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The legitimacy trap: How international institutions sustain the Houthis' hold on Yemen
Nov 03, 2025For years, the prevailing assumption was that the Houthis' survival depended on battlefield victories and Iranian support. Both are essential, but there is a third critical and often overlooked factor: the weaponization of international engagement. In a pattern that continues to repeat itself, engagement without accountability strengthens rather than moderates Houthi behavior.
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The Biden Administration and the Middle East: Policy Recommendations for a Sustainable Way Forward
Paul Salem, Gerald M. Feierstein, Ross Harrison, Marvin G. Weinbaum, Robert S. Ford, Mirette F. Mabrouk, David H. Shinn, Alex Vatanka, Randa Slim, Eran Etzion, Dima M. Toukan, Christophe Abi-Nassif, Jonathan M. Winer, William Lawrence, Nathan Stock, Khaled Elgindy, Mohammed Soliman, Charles Lister, Gönül Tol, Amal Kandeel, Michael Sexton, Charles W. Dunne, Shahrokh Fardoust, Ruba Husari, Hafsa Halawa, Nilsu Goren , Amira Roess, Dalal Yassine, Bilal Y. Saab, Joseph L. Votel
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The Biden Administration and the Middle East: Policy Recommendations for a Sustainable Way Forward
Paul Salem, Gerald M. Feierstein, Ross Harrison, Marvin G. Weinbaum, Robert S. Ford, Mirette F. Mabrouk, David H. Shinn, Alex Vatanka, Randa Slim, Eran Etzion, Dima M. Toukan, Christophe Abi-Nassif, Jonathan M. Winer, William Lawrence, Nathan Stock, Khaled Elgindy, Mohammed Soliman, Charles Lister, Gönül Tol, Amal Kandeel, Michael Sexton, Charles W. Dunne, Shahrokh Fardoust, Ruba Husari, Hafsa Halawa, Nilsu Goren , Amira Roess, Dalal Yassine, Bilal Y. Saab, Joseph L. Votel
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The Biden Administration and the Middle East: Policy Recommendations for a Sustainable Way Forward
Paul Salem, Gerald M. Feierstein, Ross Harrison, Marvin G. Weinbaum, Robert S. Ford, Mirette F. Mabrouk, David H. Shinn, Alex Vatanka, Randa Slim, Eran Etzion, Dima M. Toukan, Christophe Abi-Nassif, Jonathan M. Winer, William Lawrence, Nathan Stock, Khaled Elgindy, Mohammed Soliman, Charles Lister, Gönül Tol, Amal Kandeel, Michael Sexton, Charles W. Dunne, Shahrokh Fardoust, Ruba Husari, Hafsa Halawa, Nilsu Goren , Amira Roess, Dalal Yassine, Bilal Y. Saab, Joseph L. Votel
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The Biden Administration and the Middle East: Policy Recommendations for a Sustainable Way Forward
Paul Salem, Gerald M. Feierstein, Ross Harrison, Marvin G. Weinbaum, Robert S. Ford, Mirette F. Mabrouk, David H. Shinn, Alex Vatanka, Randa Slim, Eran Etzion, Dima M. Toukan, Christophe Abi-Nassif, Jonathan M. Winer, William Lawrence, Nathan Stock, Khaled Elgindy, Mohammed Soliman, Charles Lister, Gönül Tol, Amal Kandeel, Michael Sexton, Charles W. Dunne, Shahrokh Fardoust, Ruba Husari, Hafsa Halawa, Nilsu Goren , Amira Roess, Dalal Yassine, Bilal Y. Saab, Joseph L. Votel
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The Biden Administration and the Middle East: Policy Recommendations for a Sustainable Way Forward
Paul Salem, Gerald M. Feierstein, Ross Harrison, Marvin G. Weinbaum, Robert S. Ford, Mirette F. Mabrouk, David H. Shinn, Alex Vatanka, Randa Slim, Eran Etzion, Dima M. Toukan, Christophe Abi-Nassif, Jonathan M. Winer, William Lawrence, Nathan Stock, Khaled Elgindy, Mohammed Soliman, Charles Lister, Gönül Tol, Amal Kandeel, Michael Sexton, Charles W. Dunne, Shahrokh Fardoust, Ruba Husari, Hafsa Halawa, Nilsu Goren , Amira Roess, Dalal Yassine, Bilal Y. Saab, Joseph L. Votel
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view
The Biden Administration and the Middle East: Policy Recommendations for a Sustainable Way Forward
Paul Salem, Gerald M. Feierstein, Ross Harrison, Marvin G. Weinbaum, Robert S. Ford, Mirette F. Mabrouk, David H. Shinn, Alex Vatanka, Randa Slim, Eran Etzion, Dima M. Toukan, Christophe Abi-Nassif, Jonathan M. Winer, William Lawrence, Nathan Stock, Khaled Elgindy, Mohammed Soliman, Charles Lister, Gönül Tol, Amal Kandeel, Michael Sexton, Charles W. Dunne, Shahrokh Fardoust, Ruba Husari, Hafsa Halawa, Nilsu Goren , Amira Roess, Dalal Yassine, Bilal Y. Saab, Joseph L. Votel
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view
The Biden Administration and the Middle East: Policy Recommendations for a Sustainable Way Forward
Paul Salem, Gerald M. Feierstein, Ross Harrison, Marvin G. Weinbaum, Robert S. Ford, Mirette F. Mabrouk, David H. Shinn, Alex Vatanka, Randa Slim, Eran Etzion, Dima M. Toukan, Christophe Abi-Nassif, Jonathan M. Winer, William Lawrence, Nathan Stock, Khaled Elgindy, Mohammed Soliman, Charles Lister, Gönül Tol, Amal Kandeel, Michael Sexton, Charles W. Dunne, Shahrokh Fardoust, Ruba Husari, Hafsa Halawa, Nilsu Goren , Amira Roess, Dalal Yassine, Bilal Y. Saab, Joseph L. Votel

